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accounting and tax consulting

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accounting and tax consulting

Brief Definition of Managerial Economics Managerial Accounting & Financial Accounting

accounting, tax

Brief Definition of Managerial Economics Managerial Accounting & Financial Accounting

Apr 10, 2021 by e-y 0 Comments

Economics plays a major role in giving business newer heights and contributes a lot towards the feat of wide range of managerial duties. Economics is required as it meets the expense of several analytical tools and techniques that managers employ to accomplish the goals of that particular organization they are given to manage. Therefore, the branch Managerial Economics enables the managers to gather some operational knowledge of economics and gives an extra edge to managers so that they can fundamentally practice proper managements of accounts and use their knowledge in betterment of the company. Managers equipped with the basic knowledge of economics help in providing successful solution regarding finance and accounts related matters of the organization.

In every organization managers are responsible for achieving the main purpose of the firm to the maximum possible extent and this should be done within the limited resources that are made available to them. Essentially, maximization of the organization's goal has to be achieved by utilizing limited resources. When the resources are unlimited, the problem of economic utilization of resources or resource management does not seem to occur. Mangers most of the times face the problem of limited resources which include problems of finance, workforce and material. The managers with the help of these resources take the responsibility of optimizing the use of these resources. Economics donate to managerial functions which includes Managerial Accounting. Management accounting is essential for providing information so that managers can take better decisions.

It has been seen that economic theory has put forth a lot of contribution to business economics. According to thinker Baumol, three main contributions of economic theory to business economics are found. Firstly, the practice of building analytical models, that assists in recognizing the structure of Management Economics that help in eliminating minor details. Furthermore, analytical models help in eradicating tangential problems and aid the management in retaining focus on core issues. Secondly, economic theory encompasses a founding pillar of business analysis that helps in solving specific business problems, and also enhances the analytical capabilities of the managers. Lastly, economic theories offer an unambiguous perspective on the various concepts that are used in business analysis, which enables the manager to change direction from conceptual pitfalls.

A firm when decides on the nature of production, what to produce, how to produce and how much to produce and for whom to produce also stresses on the proper utilization of accounts. Financial Accounting, although a little different in character from management accounting is mostly of the same nature. A firm can influence the buying behaviour of customers through advertisements, by allocating more budgets the firm tries to influence the buyers and create demand for the products or services.

accounting, tax

Accounting Services Singapore

Mar 9, 2021 by e-y 0 Comments

How Different is Accounting from Bookkeeping Services

Bookkeeping may be the recording of financial transactions. Transactions consist of sales, purchases, income, and payments by an individual or organization. Bookkeeping is generally performed by a bookkeeper. Bookkeeping ought to not be confused with accounting. The accounting process is generally performed by an accountant. The accountant creates reports from the recorded monetary transactions recorded by the bookkeeper and files forms with government agencies. There are some common techniques of bookkeeping such as the Single-entry bookkeeping program and also the Double-entry bookkeeping system. But while these systems may be seen as "real" bookkeeping, any process that involves the recording of monetary transactions is really a bookkeeping procedure.

A bookkeeper (or book-keeper), also recognized as an accounting clerk or accounting technician, is a individual who records the day-to-day financial transactions of an organization. A bookkeeper is generally responsible for writing the "daybooks." The daybooks consist of purchase, sales, receipts, and payments. The bookkeeper is responsible for ensuring all transactions are recorded within the correct daybook, suppliers ledger, customer ledger, and general ledger. The bookkeeper brings the books towards the trial balance stage. An accountant may prepare the earnings statement and stability sheet using the trial stability and ledgers prepared by the bookkeeper

Bookkeeping systems

Two common bookkeeping techniques utilized by businesses and other organizations are the single-entry bookkeeping system and the double-entry bookkeeping program. Single-entry bookkeeping uses only earnings and expense accounts, recorded primarily in a revenue and expense journal. Single-entry bookkeeping is adequate for numerous small businesses. Double-entry bookkeeping requires posting (recording) each transaction twice, using debits and credits.

Single-entry system

The primary bookkeeping report in single-entry bookkeeping may be the cash guide, that is similar to a checking (chequing) account register but allocates the earnings and expenses to various income and expense accounts. Separate account records are maintained for petty cash, accounts payable and receivable, as well as other relevant transactions for example inventory and travel expenditures. These days, single entry bookkeeping can be done with DIY bookkeeping software to speed up manual calculations.

Double-entry program

Main article: double-entry bookkeeping system

Daybooks

A daybook is a descriptive and chronological (diary-like) record of day-to-day financial transactions also called a guide of original entry. The daybook's details should be entered formally into journals to enable posting to ledgers. Daybooks include:

  • Product sales daybook, for recording all of the sales invoices.
  • Product sales credits daybook, for recording all the product sales credit notes.
  • Purchases daybook, for recording all the buy invoices.
  • Purchases credits daybook, for recording all the purchase credit notes.
  • Cash daybook, generally known as the money book, for recording all cash received too as cash paid out. It might be split into two daybooks: receipts daybook for money received in, and payments daybook for money paid out.

Petty money guide

A petty money book is a report of little value purchases usually controlled by imprest program. Items for example coffee, tea, birthday cards for employees, a few dollars if you're short on postage, are listed down in the petty money book.

Journals

A journal is a formal and chronological record of financial transactions before their values are accounted in general ledger as debits and credits. Journals are recorded in the journal daybook, which is one from the books of first entry. For every debit journal there should an equivalent credit journal. There must be at least two journal entries for every transaction recorded.

Ledgers

A ledger is a report of accounts, these accounts are recorded separately showing their beginning/ending stability. Unlike the journal, which lists monetary transactions in chronological order without showing their balance but displaying how much is going to be charged in each account. The ledger takes every monetary transactions from the journal and records them into the right account for every transaction listed. The ledger also sums up the total of every account that is transferred to the balance sheet and earnings statement. There are 3 various kinds of ledgers that deal with book-keeping. Ledgers include:

  • Sales ledger, which deals mostly using the Accounts Receivable account. This ledger consists of the financial transactions made by clients towards the company.
  • Buy ledger is really a ledger that goes hand and hand using the Accounts Payable account. This may be the purchasing transaction a company does.
  • General ledger representing the original 5 primary accounts: assets, liabilities, equity, earnings, and expenses.

Chart of accounts

A chart of accounts is really a list of the accounts codes that could be identified with numeric, alphabetical, or alphanumeric codes allowing the account to be located within the common ledger.

Computerized bookkeeping

Computerized bookkeeping removes many of the paper "books" that are utilized to report transactions and generally enforces double entry bookkeeping.

On the internet bookkeeping

On the internet bookkeeping, or remote bookkeeping, allows source documents and data to reside in web-based applications which allow remote access for bookkeepers and accountants. All entries made to the online software program are recorded and stored in a remote place. The on the internet software program can be accessed from any place in the world and permit the bookkeeper or information entry individual to work from any place with a suitable information communications link.

For more information on accounting services, click here.

accounting

What Makes Property Accountants Brisbane Great

Feb 10, 2021 by e-y 0 Comments

There are a lot of reasons why property accountants Brisbane are the best you can get. Don't deal with second tier accountants when you can get real professionals to help you out.

  • One of the best things about property accountants Brisbane is that they actually care about you and want to help you get through your difficulties. Many other accountants don't care about anything other than if you have enough money to pay them, but Brisbane accountants will go out of their way to make sure that you get out of trouble. You will never have to deal with someone turning their nose up at you just because life isn't going the way you expected.
  • Another thing about property accountants Brisbane that makes them well worth the cost of hiring one is that they go the extra mile to help you understand everything that's happening. Many substandard accountants will just rattle off a bunch of figures and laws and expect you to know exactly what it all means. When you hire a helpful accountant from Brisbane, then you'll get someone who will explain it all to you so that you really do understand.
  • Property accountants Brisbane are also great because they are extremely qualified to work for you no matter what your needs are. You may be in an odd situation financially or in terms of property ownership and not know who can help you get it worked out. If that is the case, then you especially should make sure you hire an accountant that is experienced in dealing with all kinds of situations so you don't end up with someone blundering about and making the problem worse.
  • Having property accountants Brisbane at your disposal is very help because they can help you out whether you need help with your personal property or with a business. The accountants have experience dealing with both, and you can even hire one that specializes in one or the other. Once you experience how easy and enjoyable it is working with someone that is familiar with the issues you're dealing with, you'll never want to go back to cut rate accountants.
  • The final thing that really makes property accountants Brisbane a worthwhile investment is that they have to meet a lot of really difficult standards to become certified. It takes years of hard work and learning before an accountant in Brisbane can gain access to the firms and associations that they are in. Because of this, you can be sure that anyone you hire will know exactly what they are doing.

If you are thinking of hiring property accountants Brisbane, then you are on the right track as they will help you succeed.

accounting

IT Contractor Accountants

Jan 23, 2021 by e-y 0 Comments


A contractor accountant provides accountancy services to contractors and freelancers while saving you as much money and time as is possible. Running a business can be very stressful and a contractor accountant will make life a lot easier by removing the day to day worries you have as a business owner and taking on those tasks that can make the decision to run your own business a difficult one. A contractor accountant will provide you with more leisure time by reducing the time you need to spend on administration tasks.To save your business money using the services of a contractor accountant is a great idea. Of course, accountants do not come for free, but a little investment can go a long way. When you balance out the savings a contractor accountant can make for you, it is well worth using their services.

A good accountant will help you with tax consultation, VAT registration, VAT returns, company formation, company dissolution and much more. Using a the services of a professional contractor accountant is the best way to reduce the amount of tax are liable for and they will know all the various things you can claim for to reduce your tax bill while still operating within the law.A reputable contractor accountant should offer several levels of service, dependant on what you are looking for. Your accountant can take care of all your day to day book keeping and submit your accounts at year end to HMRC. If this is what you need you will need to make sure you keep hold of all your invoices and receipts so you can hand them over to the accountant. You may want to do the book keeping yourself and just submit your accounts to the accountant in order for them to complete the necessary paperwork.Source your accountant as locally as possible. By doing this you will be able to arrange meeting as and when they are necessary without having to do unnecessary travelling. Talk to other businesses in your local area as word of mouth can be a valuable reference.

The internet has become one of the speediest resources for finding any kind of service you may require. Carrying out a search is easy as the internet is so accessible.A great contractor accountant established since 1999, based in London is K&B Accountancy Group. They currently provide thousands of contractors and freelancers with safe and legal ways to make as much money as possible. They offer an umbrella company service, limited company accounting and sole trader accounting as well as free personal tax planning. Visit their website to see for yourself the invaluable service they have to offer.

accounting, budgeting

Accountant Quebec Very Helpful in Accounting

Dec 15, 2020 by e-y 0 Comments

Accountant Quebec includes professionals like chartered accountant, family accountant, small business accountant, long term accountant, financial accountant, project accountant, government accountant and management accountant. Many types of accountants have many types of occupational titles. Some of the titles are accountant, certified general accountants (CGA), certified management accountants (CMA), Chartered accountants (CA), chief accountants, corporate controllers, financial auditors, income tax experts, industrial accountants and internal auditors. There are three types of professional accounting bodies in Quebec. They are for Chartered accountants, for certified management accountants and for certified general accountants.

Chartered accountants function in all the socio economic sectors. They can act as a financial auditor, tax specialist, consultant analyst, forensic accountant, finance manager, director and vice president. Certified management accountants (CMA) mainly work in industries, practicing accounting & management. Certified general accountants (CGA) are known in management, financial planning & management and are a main focus. They are mainly found in government and industry. There is a stable demand conventional accounting service. There is also a fair demand of tax, bankruptcy, forensic accounting, personal financial planning and experts of acquisitions and corporate mergers. With the ever increasing business process complexities, accountant Quebec specialize in industrial sectors and they need to be familiar with the standards of accounting of foreign market the clients deal with.

To help the business managers in decision making process, financial & accounting information needs to be dispersed fast and the Accountant Quebec should gather the information through so many sources, integrate the information in a consistent whole, understand it, confirm the reliability of information collection and test the collected information relevance. The desirable skills of accountants who work in the fields of taxation, financing, business valuation, foreign business development, marketing and management are analytical skills and synthetical skills. They also need to be an effective communicator and able to work in a team with proficiency in English along with a third language.

budgeting, tax

Budgeting will Help You in Discovering New Income Streams for Your Business

Nov 13, 2020 by e-y 0 Comments

Since always, the budgeting has been the most important aspect of any business strategy. This tool helps the business owners as well as the CEOs in making sure that they've an efficient system in place. Budgeting is also a process of knowing, how much your company or your firm will be generated over the course of the next five to ten years. Besides, the budgeting is also there to help you find out how much income you'll be needing to produce those kind of results, and thus improving your company's models over a course of time. However, for a normal person the whole process of budgeting might seem like the amount of income one needs to secure to produce the desirable profits over the next few years. But if this is how you'll look at budgeting then you'll just wasting your as well as company's valuable time plus the resources. These kinds of budgeting processes will give you no profits but in turn will end up hurting your company's image in a long term. Therefore, one must understand that budgeting is an important tool to stabilize your company for a long-term growth.

Budgeting is usually known as a process that will help you in understanding what are the products and businesses that your company is providing are giving you the maximum profits and becoming a stable input of income. Besides, the budgeting process will also help you in exploring the other services that have a high growth potential over the coming period. It will also help you determine the cost required to run these services or manufacture these products with huge potential.

Budgeting is also the process of finding out how much money you need to spend and what will be your income, the coming year. Moreover, this process will also ensure that you've performed well during the last one year, and will also help you in finding the ways to improve if you haven't done well.

We take an example of a company that has been providing the business training services and what we discovered is that their half of the revenues are coming from the advanced excel training course. Therefore, when they looked at the result, they were shocked, because the main motive of the Advanced excel training course was to provide a bit of publicity for their consultancy services. Therefore, with the help of the budgeting services, they were able to find out about a service they were providing that had the potential to be huge and that will also provide them a stable income. Therefore, they started putting in more resources into it and thus turned that service into a new income stream. Moreover, at the same time they also put aside a particular amount of their income that helped them into launching a new solution service. This helped them in cutting short their budgeting time in half; however, they didn't take help of the budget planners or else they could have consolidated those numbers at the click of a button.

Therefore, budgeting is actually a profitable method of business management.

tax

Inheritance Tax Planning – How can it Affect Your Family in the Future

Oct 15, 2020 by e-y 0 Comments

Inheritance tax can be fairly complex and the ability to gain an understanding of how it works can help to ensure that you receive everything that you are entitled to. The amount payable can vary from person to person but through effective planning, there are a variety of ways to ensure that the amount which is paid is at a minimal amount.

What is Inheritance Tax

Also known as IHT is payable on all valuables you own when you die. It can be any property or possessions with value such as jewelry, art works, cars and savings. However, there is an inheritance tax threshold, which currently states that the person's estate must amount to over 325,000 before it will be subjected to inheritance tax.

Who is Liable to Pay IHT

More often than not, the legal personal representative of the person who died will have to. Usually they have six months from the date of death to pay the liability. On the other hand, trustees and any person responsible for the trust, will be liable to pay on trusts (assets including money, land and investments).

However, if it takes more than six months to finalize all the details of the inherited property an estimate can be made and dues can be paid straight away. This means you pay an early payment, so in the future when the exact amount of the property has been settled, you need not to pay the outstanding interest. If it happens that you pay more than the exact amount, then you'll take advantage of the interest from the overpayment.

Exemption from IHT

There are times when your property is more than the declared threshold but it can still be exempt. This includes the following circumstances:

Given to Partner -no liability if you have left to your spouse or partner who is permanently living in UK.

Charities - any gifts given to charities, universities, clubs, museums and the national trust are all exempted.

Annual Exemption - You can normally give away up to 3,000 per year inheritance tax free. This is known as the annual exemption.

Small Gifts - you can offer small presents to as many people as you want amounting to 250 but should not be with the same person who received the 3000 annual exemption.

Wedding Gifts - parents of both couples can give out gifts up to 5,000, anybody can give up to 1,000, grandparents can share up to 2,500 (all of these civil partnership gifs should be given on or before the day of the wedding).

When receiving gifts or bequests from someone, it is essential to recognize the taxes involved. If you are not familiar on how these legalities, it is recommended that you seek professional assistance to help guide you throughout the process.

accounting

Choosing the Right Accountant in Glasgow

Sep 25, 2020 by e-y 0 Comments

When you run a business it's of the utmost importance that you keep your accounts in check. The slightest misdemeanour could mean a hefty fine from HMRC. Finding the right accountant can be tricky. It needs to be somebody you can trust and somebody with lots of experience in a wide range of financial accounting and tax accounting services.

If you are particularly looking for an accountant in Glasgow there are many to choose from, but it's important to do your homework first. Speak to friends who have used the services of an accountant in the recent past and gauge their opinion. Word of mouth is one of the best ways of finding a good accountant.

Another way to find a good accountant is to cold call a few from your local business directory or online. Interview each over the phone. Ask them how many clients they have, what their fee structure is right now and the experience they have in dealing with business accounts. A good company will be able to offer you a wide range of services for an affordable price. Don't always be swayed on price however. A cheap accountant doesn't always stack up when it comes to analysing and preparing your accounts.

Asking other professionals is another good tactic. Speak to your bank manager, business associates and solicitors to see if they can recommend somebody. You could also call round similar businesses to yourself to see if they can recommend anybody. A professional is unlikely to recommend somebody that is not good.

Social media platforms could also help your search for a good accountant in Glasgow. You could also put a remark on your status to say you are looking for a good accountant and see if you get any feedback from the social media communities.

Running a Google search for 'accountant Glasgow' is another way to find the right professional. Those who are listed on the first page are usually a safe bet, but you should also call round and see if they can answer your interview questions.

Once you have a shortlist of accountants you can start to break down the list to find the companies that are best suited to your needs. If you work in a particular niche or industry you might need the services of an accountant with specialist knowledge of this area for example.

Think about how much you can realistically afford to pay your accountant too. Can you afford their fee structure bearing in mind you will need to call on their services at different points during the year for tax account and financial account services.

Once you have found a good accountant in Glasgow keep hold of them and use their services to the full. Who knows, they might help you to find revenue streams and savings that you haven't yet thought of.